Understanding Bipolar Disorder: What You Need to Know
Bipolar disorder is a complex mental health condition marked by extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). It affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves—and can interfere with daily life if left untreated.
Types of Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar I Disorder: Involves at least one manic episode that may be preceded or followed by depressive episodes.
Bipolar II Disorder: Involves one or more major depressive episodes and at least one hypomanic episode, but no full manic episodes.
Cyclothymic Disorder: A milder form with frequent mood swings over at least two years, but not as severe as Bipolar I or II.
Symptoms
Mania/Hypomania:
Elevated mood or irritability
Increased energy and activity
Decreased need for sleep
Impulsive behaviour
Depression:
Persistent sadness or emptiness
Fatigue
Feelings of worthlessness
Difficulty concentrating
Suicidal thoughts
💡 Causes and Risk Factors
While the exact cause isn’t fully understood, contributing factors include:
Genetics: A family history increases risk.
Brain chemistry: Imbalances in neurotransmitters may play a role.
Stress or trauma: Significant life changes or trauma can trigger symptoms.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis is typically made by a mental health professional using mood tracking and psychological assessments.
Treatment Options:
Medication: Mood stabilisers, antipsychotics, or antidepressants.
Therapy: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), psychoeducation, and family-focused therapy.
Lifestyle: Regular routines, sleep, stress reduction, and support systems.
Living With Bipolar Disorder
Living with bipolar disorder is challenging but manageable. Many people lead fulfilling lives with proper treatment, support, and self-awareness.
Tips:
Keep a mood journal
Build a reliable support system
Stay consistent with medication and appointments
Know your triggers
Remember: If you or someone you know is struggling, it's important to seek help. You're not alone—and there is support out there.
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